Tonga

Tonga is a country of Polynesia, an archipelago of 169 islands, of which 36 are inhabited. The total surface area of ​​the archipelago is approximately 750 square kilometers (290 square miles) and is scattered over 700,000 square kilometers (270,000 square miles) in the South Pacific. As of 2021, Tonga had a population of 104,494, 70% of whom lived in Tongatapu on the main island. The country stretches about 800 kilometers (500 miles) on the Namboku Line. The northwest is surrounded by Fiji and Wallis and Futuna (France). Northeastern Samoa. New Caledonia (France) and Vanuatu in the west. Niue to the east (closest foreign territory). Kermadec (New Zealand) to the southwest. Tonga is about 1,800 kilometers (1,100 miles) from the North Island of New Zealand.

The Polynesian settlers of Tonga, where the Lapita civilization first settled about 2500 years ago, have gradually developed a clear and powerful ethnic identity, language and culture as the people of Tonga. They soon established a strong foundation throughout the South Pacific, and this period of Tonga's expansionism and colonization is known as Tonga's Emirate. From the reign of Aho'eito, the first king of Tonga, Tonga has grown into a regional superpower. From parts of the Solomon Islands, from New Caledonia and Fiji to the west, to Samoa and Niue, to parts of modern French Polynesia in the east, it was sea control that conquered and ruled the unprecedented Pacific belt. .. .. Tuitonga has become famous for its economic, ethnic and cultural hegemony in the Pacific Ocean. This hegemony remained strong after the 13th-century Samoa Revolution and the 1616 European discovery of the islands.

From 1900 to 1970, Tonga was a protected state in the United Kingdom. Britain controlled Tonga's diplomacy under the Friendship Treaty, but Tonga did not relinquish its sovereignty to any foreign power. In 2010, Tonga took a decisive step from its traditional absolute monarchy to a fully functional constitutional monarchy after legislative reform paved the way for the first partial representative election. I took a step forward.