Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan borders Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and China to the east. The largest city in the capital is Bishkek. The Kyrgyz make up the majority of the country's 6 million people, followed by a significant minority of Uzbeks and Russians. Kyrgyz is closely related to other Turkic languages, but Russian is still spoken and the official language. 90% of Kyrgyzstan's population is Muslim, and most of the population follows Sunni Islam. The culture of Kyrgyzstan is influenced by Iran, Mongolia and Russia, in addition to the origin of the Turkic language.

The history of Kyrgyzstan spans different cultures and empires. Kyrgyzstan is geographically isolated by the mountains, but at the crossroads of some great civilizations as part of the Silk Road and other commercial routes. Kyrgyzstan, inhabited by a series of tribes and clans, is regularly under great control. During the era of autonomy, it was ruled by Göktürk, the Uighur Empire, and the Khitan before being conquered by the Mongols in the 13th century. It regained independence, but was invaded by the Kalmyks, Manchus, and Uzbeks. It became part of the Russian Empire in 1876, and the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic was established in 1936, becoming a constituent republic of the Soviet Union. Following Mikhail Gorbachev's democratic reforms in the Soviet Union, the independent candidate Askar Akayev was elected president in 1990. On August 31, 1991, Kyrgyzstan declared independence from Moscow and a democratic government was established. Kyrgyzstan gained sovereignty as a nation-state after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

After independence, Kyrgyzstan officially became a unified presidential republic and officially a unified parliamentary republic from 2010 to 2021, but after gradually training administrative secretaries and being ruled as a semi-presidential republic, 2021 I returned to the presidential system in the year. Exists, the country has endured ethnic conflicts, rebellions, economic problems, interim government and political conflicts.

Kyrgyzstan is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the Turkish Council, the Türksoy community and the United Nations. It is a developing country ranked 120th in the Human Development Index and the second poorest country in Central Asia. The country's transition economy relies heavily on gold, coal and uranium deposits.