Botswana

Botswana is a landlocked country in South Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with 70 percent of its territory being the Kalhari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west and north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. It is connected to Zambia by the Kazungula Bridge across the small Zambezi River.

A medium-sized country with a population of over 2.3 million, it is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. About 11.6 percent of the population lives in Gaborone, the capital and largest city. Formerly one of the poorest countries in the world - GDP per capita was US $ 70 per year in the late 1960's - Botswana has since become one of the fastest growing middle-income countries in the world.

Homo sapiens first inhabited this country 200,000 years ago. The Tswana ethnic group came mainly from the Bantu-speaking tribes who migrated to modern Botswana in southern Africa around 600 AD, living in tribal enclaves as farmers and pastoralists. In 1885, the British colonized the area and declared it a protected state under the name of Bechuanaland. Due to the decolonization, Bechuanaland became an independent Commonwealth Republic on 30 September 1966 under its current name. It has since become a representative republic, with a consistent record of intact democratic elections and the lowest perceived corruption ranking in Africa since at least 1998.

The economy is dominated by mining, livestock and tourism. By 2021, Botswana's GDP (purchasing power parity) is about $ 18,113 per capita, the highest in Africa. Its relatively high per capita GDP (by far the fourth largest in Africa) gives the country a relatively high standard of living and the highest human development index in sub-Saharan Africa.

Botswana is a member of the African Union, the South African Development Community, the Commonwealth and the United Nations. Outbreaks of HIV / AIDS have adversely affected the country. Although the program was successful in providing treatment and educating people on how to stop the spread of HIV / AIDS, the number of people living with AIDS increased from 290,000 in 2005 to 320,000 in 2013. As of 2014, Botswana is ranked third. - The highest prevalence rate of HIV / AIDS, approximately 20% of the population is infected.