Eritrea

Eritrea is a country in the Horn of Africa in East Africa, whose capital (and largest city) is in Asmara. It borders Ethiopia to the south, Sudan to the west, and Djibouti to the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have vast coastlines along the Red Sea. The country has a total area of ​​approximately 117,600 km2 (45,406 square miles) and includes the Dahlak Islands and several Hanish Islands.

Eritrea is a multi-ethnic country with nine ethnic groups. Nine different ethnic groups are spoken by nine recognized ethnic groups. The most widely spoken language is Tigrinya, and the other languages ​​are Arabic, Tigre, Afar, Beja, Bilen, Kunama, Nara, and Saho. Tigrinya, Arabic and English serve as three working languages. Most residents speak the Afroasiatic language, either Semitic or Cushitic in Ethiopia. Within these communities, Tigres make up about 55% of the population and Tigres make up about 30% of the population. In addition, there are several Nilotic-speaking Nilotic ethnic groups. Most people in the territory stick to Christianity or Islam, and the minority stick to traditional beliefs.

The Kingdom of Aksum, which covers most of modern Eritrea and northern Ethiopia, was founded in the 1st or 2nd century AD. It adopted Christianity around the middle of the 4th century. In the Middle Ages, much of Eritrea was classified as the Kingdom of Medribari, and the areas that became part of Hamasen became smaller. The creation of modern-day Eritrea was the result of the incorporation of independent and separate kingdoms (eg, Medori Bali and Sultanate of Aussa), eventually forming Italian Eritrea. After the defeat of the Italian colonial army in 1942, Eritrea was ruled by the British junta until 1952. After the decision of the UN General Assembly in 1952, Eritrea reigned in the local Eritrea parliament, but for diplomacy and defense, entered the position of federal government with Eritrea for 10 years. However, in 1962, the Ethiopian government invalidated the Eritrean parliament and officially annexed Eritrea. The Eritrean Liberation Movement organized the Eritrean Liberation Front in 1961 and fought the Eritrean War of Independence until Eritrea gained de facto independence in 1991. Eritrea gained court independence in 1993 after the Independence Referendum.

Eritrea is a one-party presidential republic and has never had a national legislative or presidential election. Isaias Afweriki has been President since official independence in 1993. According to Human Rights Watch, the Eritrean government's human rights record is one of the worst in the world. The Eritrean government has dismissed these claims as a political motivation. Eritrea's press freedom is very limited, and the Press Freedom Index consistently ranks Eritrea as one of the least flexible countries. As of 2021, Reporters Without Borders considers the country to have the worst press freedom overall in the world, as all media publications and access are tightly controlled by the government.

Eritrea is a member of the African Union, the United Nations and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, and is an observer of the Arab League alongside Brazil and Venezuela.