Estonia

Estonia is a country in Northern Europe. It borders the Gulf of Finland opposite Finland to the north, the Baltic Sea opposite Sweden to the west, Latvia to the south, and Lake Papes and Russia to the east. Estonia's territory consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and more than 2,200 other islands and islands on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, with a total area of ​​45,339 km2 (17,505 square kilometers). The capitals Tallinn and Tartu are the two largest urban areas of the country. Estonian is Estonian's native and official language. It is the first language of the majority of people and the second most spoken Finnish in the world.

Today's land in Estonia has been inhabited by humans since at least 9,000 BC. The Ancient Estonians were one of the last "pagan" civilizations in Europe to adopt Christianity following the Livonian Crusade approved by the Pope in the 13th century. After centuries of rule by the Teutonic Order, Denmark, Sweden and the Russian Empire, a clear Estonian national identity began to emerge in the mid-19th century. It culminated on February 24, 1918, with the declaration of Estonian independence from the then-fighting Russian and German empires, and after the end of World War I, the Estonians repelled the Russian invasion of Bolsheviki. Defended their newborn freedom in the successful 1918-1920 War of Independence. Estonia, which was democratic throughout most of the interwar period, declared neutral at the outbreak of World War II, first by the Starinist Soviet Union in 1940, then by Nazi Germany in 1941, and then. Eventually reoccupied in 1944, the country was repeatedly contested, invaded and occupied. By the Soviet Union as a management subunit (Estonian SSR), and attached to it. After the loss of de facto independence to the Soviet Union, the continuity of the state of De jure in Estonia was maintained by diplomatic representatives and the government in exile. Following the bloodless Estonian "Singing Revolution" from 1988 to 1990, the country's de facto independence was restored on August 20, 1991.

Estonia is a developed country and a high-income developed economy. Very high ranking in the Human Development Index. The sovereign state is a democratic single parliamentary republic divided into 15 counties. With a population of 1.3 million, it is one of the least populated member states of the European Union, Eurozone, OECD, Schengen, NATO and the United Nations Security Council. Estonia consistently ranks high in the international rankings for quality of life, education, digitization of public services, and technology company penetration.