El Salvador

El Salvador is a country in Central America. It faces Honduras to the northeast, Guatemala to the northwest, and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The largest city in the capital of El Salvador is San Salvador. The population of the country in 2021 is estimated to be 6.8 million.

Among the Mesoamerican countries that historically dominated the region are the Lenca (since 600 AD), the Maya, and the Kusuka Trek. Archaeological monuments also suggest the existence of early Olmecs around the 1st millennium BC. In the early 16th century, the Spanish Empire conquered Central American territory and incorporated it into the Vice Dynasty of Newspain, which was ruled by Mexico City. However, the Viceroyalty of Mexico had little or no impact on the day-to-day operations of the isthmus colonized in 1524. In 1609, the area was declared by the Spaniards to be Guatemalan. Independence from Spain in 1821. It was forcibly incorporated into the first Mexican Empire, then withdrew and joined the Federal Republic of Central America in 1823. With the dissolution of the Commonwealth in 1841, El Salvador became a sovereign state and then short-lived. The union of Honduras and Nicaragua, known as the Greater Republic of Central America, lasted from 1895 to 1898.

From the late 19th century to the mid-20th century, El Salvador endured chronic political and economic instability characterized by coups, rebellions, and inheritance of authoritarian rulers. Persistent socio-economic inequality and civil unrest culminated in the devastating 1979-1992 civil war in El Salvador, between a U.S.-backed military-led government and a coalition of left-wing guerrilla groups. I fought. The conflict ended with the Chapultepec Peace Agreement. The settlement through this negotiation established a multi-party constitutional republic, which continues to this day.

During the Civil War, a large number of Salvadors migrated to the United States, and by 2008 they became one of the largest immigrant groups in the United States.

The economy of El Salvador has historically been dominated by agriculture. In the 16th century, the Spaniards dominated indigenous cocoa crops, producing mainly Isarco and using balsam from the range of Lalibertad and Ahuachapan. Following this, the use of indigo plants (añil in Spanish) became a boom in the 19th century, mainly for use as dyes. After that, the focus shifted to coffee, which accounted for 90% of export revenue by the early 20th century. Since then, El Salvador has embarked on economic diversification by reducing its dependence on coffee, opening trade and financial ties, and expanding its manufacturing industry. The colon, which has been the currency of El Salvador since 1892, was replaced by the US dollar in 2001.

El Salvador is ranked 124th out of 189 countries on the Human Development Index. Despite high poverty rates and gang-related violent crimes, El Salvador has the second highest level of income equality in Latin America. Of the 77 countries included in the 2021 survey, El Salvador was one of the least complex economies to do business with.