Cyprus

Cyprus is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean. It is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean and is located in the south of Turkey. West of Syria; Northwest of Gaza Strip, Israel, Lebanon. North of Egypt; and southeast of Greece. Nicosia is the largest city in the country's capital.

The earliest known human activity on the island dates back to the 10th millennium BC. Archaeological sites of this era include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Kirokitia, and Cyprus has some of the oldest wells in the world. Cyprus was settled in two waves by the Greeks of the Mycenaean civilization in the 2nd millennium BC. As a strategic location on the eastern Mediterranean, it was subsequently occupied by several major forces, including the Assyrian, Egyptian, and Persian empires, and the island was occupied by King Alexander in 333 BC. Following the subsequent rule of the Kingdom of Putremaios, the Classic and Byzantine Empire, the short Arab Calif system, the Lucignan dynasty of France, and the Venetian rule, the Ottoman Empire for more than three centuries took place between 1571 and 1878. (Dejuri until 1914).

Cyprus was placed under British control under the 1878 Cyprus Convention and was officially annexed by the United Kingdom in 1914. The future of the island has become a matter of disagreement between two prominent ethnic communities, the Greek Cypriots. The population of 1960, and the Turkish Cypriots, who make up 18% of the population. Since the 19th century, Greek Cypriots have pursued enosis and a coalition with Greece. This became a national policy of Greece in the 1950s. Turkish Cypriots initially advocated continued British rule, then demanded the merger of the islands into Turkey, and in the 1950s, with Turkey, established policies for the division of Taksim, Cyprus, and the creation of a Turkish regime. Did. North. Following nationalist violence in the 1950s, Cyprus was granted independence in 1960. The 1963-64 crisis caused further community-based violence between the two communities, driving more than 25,000 Turkish Cypriots into the siege and ending the Turkish Cypriots' representation in the Republic. On July 15, 1974, the coup was staged in an enosis attempt by Greek Cypriot nationalists and elements of the Greek junta. This action triggered an invasion of Cyprus in Turkey on July 20, occupying the territory of what is now Northern Cyprus, and expelling more than 150,000 Greek Cypriots and 50,000 Turkish Cypriots. A one-sided declaration in 1983 established another Turkish Cyprus state in the north. This move has been widely criticized by the international community and only Turkey has recognized the new nation. These events and the resulting political situation are a matter of ongoing controversy.

The Republic of Cyprus has sovereignty over the entire island, including its territorial waters and exclusive economic zone. However, this excludes Akrotiri and Dhekeria sovereign base areas under British control pursuant to the London-Zurich agreement. However, the Republic of Cyprus is effectively divided into two main parts. One is under the effective control of the Republic, located in the south and west, which occupies about 59% of the island's area, and the north is controlled by the autonomous government. The Republic of Turkey in Northern Cyprus has declared that it covers about 36% of the island's area. Nearly 4% of the island's area is covered by the UN buffer zone. The international community considers the northern part of the island to be the territory of the Republic of Cyprus, which is occupied by Turkish troops. Since Cyprus became a member of the European Union, this occupation has been considered illegal under international law and is equivalent to the illegal occupation of EU territory.

Cyprus is a major tourist destination in the Mediterranean Sea. With an advanced, high-income economy and a very high Human Development Index, the Republic of Cyprus has been a member of the Federation since 1961 and was a founding member of the non-allied movement until it joined the European Union on May 1, 2004. was. .. On January 1, 2008, the Republic of Cyprus joined the Eurozone.