Chile

Chile is a country in the west of South America. It occupies a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes in the east and the Pacific Ocean in the west. Chile covers an area of ​​756,096 square kilometers (291,930 sq mi) with a population of 17.5 million as of 2017. Chile is the southernmost country in the world, closest to Antarctica, bordered by Peru to the north and Bolivia to the northeast. Argentina in the east and Drake Passage in the far south. Chile also controls the Pacific islands of Juan Fernandez, Isla Salas y Gomez, Desventuradas and Easter Island in Oceania. He also claims that about 1,250,000 square kilometers (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica lies under the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The capital and largest city of the country is Santiago, the national language is Spanish.

Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, changing the rule of the Incas, but was unable to conquer the independent Mapuche that inhabited the territory that is now in the south of central Chile. In 1818, after independence from Spain, Chile developed into a relatively stable authoritarian republic in the 1830s. Chile experienced significant economic and territorial growth in the 19th century, ending the Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its present northern territory in the Pacific War (1879–83) after defeating Peru and Bolivia. In the twentieth century until the 1970s, Chile was undergoing a process of democratization, rapid population growth and urbanization, and an increasing dependence of the economy on copper exports. In the 1960s and 1970s, the country experienced severe political polarization and unrest between the left and the right. The event culminated in the 1973 Chilean coup d'état that overthrew the democratically elected left-wing government of Salvador Allende and established a 16-year military dictatorship by the right wing of Augusto Pinochet, killing or missing more than 3,000 people. The regime ceased to exist in 1990 following the 1988 referendum and was replaced by a center-left coalition that ruled until 2010.

Chile is a developing country with a highly profitable economy and ranks very high on the Human Development Index. It is one of the most economically and socially stable countries in South America, leading in Latin America in terms of competitiveness, per capita income, globalization, state of the world, economic freedom and low levels of corruption perception. Chile also ranks high in the region for resilience, democratic development, and the lowest homicide rate in the Americas after Canada. He is a founding member of the United Nations, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) and the Pacific Alliance, and joined the OECD in 2010.